Multidisciplinary & Health Education Journal

Anthropology of Didactic Lexicography, Review: Elena Pérez Bajo’s Postulates. Text: Dictionaries. Introduction to Spanish Lexicography (2010)

Danny Francis Gómez Romero — Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this essay, we reflect on the philosophical postulates of the book "Dictionaries. Introduction to the lexicography of Spanish" by the author Elena Bajo Pérez. This work is considered an introduction to the world of dictionaries and their relevance in the lexicography of the Spanish language. Throughout the text, different aspects related to lexicography, the evolution of dictionaries and their importance in learning Spanish will be examined, which is an essential introduction to the study of dictionaries and lexicography. In this book, the author establishes the theoretical and methodological bases necessary to understand the functioning and importance of dictionaries. The author begins by explaining that dictionaries are fundamental linguistic tools that allow us to access the knowledge and meaning of words. In addition to their reference function, dictionaries also play a crucial role in language development, as they are a source of learning and guidance for speakers. The author shows how dictionaries have evolved over time, from their first rudimentary forms to the most sophisticated modern editions. The importance of the criteria for selecting and organizing words in dictionaries is highlighted, as well as the different lexicographic approaches used to address and present the information. In general terms, here the focus is on the structure of dictionaries and the different ways in which words are organized and presented in them. You may also discuss the criteria and principles used to select and define lexicographic entries, as well as the types of information included in dictionaries.

The Universe, the Earth and the Human Being: A Harmonious Trilogy and Fascinating Interconnection

Dany F. López Gómez, Fabriccio R. Ibarrondo L., Danny Francis Gómez Romero — Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this scientific, biological, and academic study, the need persists to reflect on the human being, since its dawn, who has felt a deep fascination with the universe and his place within it. As a general objective: The harmonious trilogy between the universe, the earth and its interaction with human beings is analyzed. This curiosity has driven the development of science, allowing us to increasingly better understand the vastness and complexity of the cosmos, our planet Earth and the role we play as a species. Likewise, the universe, in its immensity, houses billions of galaxies, each with billions of stars and planets. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is just one among many, and our Sun, an ordinary star among billions. Earth, a small blue planet orbiting the Sun, is our home, but only a tiny speck of dust on the cosmic scale. A symbolic archetypal ethnohistorical methodology was used, which has direct and indirect implications for all human rights, such as the right to life, health, water and food; The role of science is analyzed, as well as the protection and promotion of human rights and their relationship with the environment. They are presented as possible conclusions and reflections such as the interaction with nature and the different theoretical perspectives offer a comprehensive vision of the complexity of life and the importance of internal balance for coexistence. Likewise, understanding our interconnection with the universe and the earth is fundamental for the sustainable development of humanity. We must take responsibility to protect our planet and ensure its habitability for future generations.

The Pharmacist in Primary Health Care

Anaís A. Araúz R. — Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Primary Health Care (PHC), as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as fundamental and accessible to all, constitutes the first level of contact with the healthcare system. Its aim is to provide comprehensive assistance and promote community participation, being essential for global social and economic development. In this context, the role of the pharmacist becomes important, collaborating with other professionals to enhance the safety and efficacy of medication use. Pharmaceutical care focuses on the responsible provision of pharmacotherapy, aiming to improve the quality of life of the patient. Furthermore, PHC pharmacy services are distinguished by their population, family, and community focus, as well as their strategic position within the healthcare system. The practical diagnostic methodology in PHC involves history-taking, physical examination, and complementary tests. The integration of pharmaceutical care into PHC relies on collaboration among various healthcare professionals, with the patient at the center. Pharmacists in PHC not only provide information on medications but also assist in the application of therapeutic protocols and ensure treatment adherence. PHC is fundamental globally to improve equity and access to healthcare services, as well as for resilience and response in health crises. In summary, PHC, with active pharmacist involvement, aims to enhance the quality of life of the population and the efficiency of the healthcare system.

Self-Care Strategies for Primary Care Healthcare Workers

José Antonio Martínez, Aquilino Villarreal Morales — Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This essay analyzes the importance of self-care among primary healthcare workers, highlighting their vulnerability to non-communicable diseases and psychosocial conditions such as stress and burnout, which have intensified after the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on epidemiological data, it emphasizes the global burden of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes, largely associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits. The text proposes self-management of self-care as a key strategy to reduce modifiable risk factors, including tobacco use, physical inactivity, poor diet, and neglect of mental health. It incorporates the Transtheoretical Model of Change by Prochaska and DiClemente to explain behavioral change stages, from precontemplation to maintenance. Additionally, practical strategies are suggested, such as adequate hydration, regular physical activity, balanced nutrition, self-control, stress management through mindfulness, and relaxation techniques. The essay concludes that promoting healthy habits among healthcare workers not only improves their well-being but also enhances their job performance and the quality of care provided. It also proposes future research focused on empirical studies to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies in real-world settings.

Biological Evaluation of the Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti Larvae to Household Insecticides

Karina Cáceres Fernández, Ramona Morales Rivé — Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are a serious problem worldwide. In Paraguay, the most important are Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya, caused by viral agents transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Insecticides are a fundamental tool for the control of this vector; however, their continuous and excessive use can generate resistance in mosquito populations. The objective of this research was to determine the susceptibility of A. aegypti larvae to pyrethroid insecticides for domestic use (cypermethrin and lambdacyhalothrin). Water samples containing mosquito larvae were collected from the downtown area of the city of Encarnación, Department of Itapúa. The insecticides used were "Mapex" (cypermethrin 25% v/v) and "Newtrine" (lambdacyhalothrin 2.5% w/v). The tests were carried out in duplicate in addition to the control. Solutions were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions, where the larvae were exposed for a certain time to the insecticides. The data were recorded and analyzed, obtaining a mortality rate of 91% in larvae exposed to cypermethrin and 100% in those treated with lambdacyhalothrin, indicating its efficacy. The values of R²=0.6709 and R²= 0.9138 indicated a positive correlation between the variables mortality and time. A. aegypti larvae in the area are susceptible to the pyrethroid insecticides cypermethrin and lambdacyhalothrin, providing initial evidence of mortality to these insecticides for domestic use and providing a basis for monitoring and controlling the resistance of these vectors.

A Brief Review of Primary Screening Tests for Cervical Cancer in Ecuador

Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a preventable pathology that affects women of childbearing age; it has become a latent public health problem at a global level, a problem that is not foreign to the Ecuadorian territory where Primary Care in Health, through prevention and control strategies have not been sufficient to eradicate this neoplasia. Objective: evaluate the available evidence based on primary screening with cervicovaginal cytology, liquid-based cytology, validated PCR-based molecular tests, and Visual Inspection with acetic acid. Methodology: It is a documentary bibliographic study in which websites were reviewed, literature published between January 2000 and December 2023, from global and national health organizations and databases: PubMed, Jastor, Taylor Francys, EBSCO, LILACS, Latindex and Scielo, current news, etc. Conclusion: It was identified that, within the prevention and control strategies for primary screening, cervical-vaginal cytology, based on the cost-effectiveness relationship, currently continues to be the primary screening test of first choice in Ecuador.

The challenge of nosocomial infections in the modern era: Perspectives and solutions

Fanny Guerrero Rojas, Yarisneth Aguilar Fernandez, Merian Martinez Ruis — Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article clearly states that nosocomial infections represent a significant challenge for modern medicine, with serious impacts on public health. Therefore, it is vitally important to analyze perspectives and solutions to effectively address infections acquired in healthcare settings. The review of updated scientific literature and analysis of prevention and control strategies was the fundamental methodological guide for its implementation. Key measures such as hand washing, sterilization of equipment and education of staff and patients are explored, as well as information campaigns for nearby communities. Effective prevention of nosocomial infections requires a multidisciplinary approach and rigorous implementation of protocols to improve patient safety in today's healthcare.

Nutritional approach to chronic diseases

Mon, 10 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Chronic non-communicable diseases have been increasing and it is estimated that with the aging of the population these continue to increase even more, positioning themselves among the main causes of death in people throughout the world. The nutritional approach to the main chronic non-communicable diseases (high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, liver disease) is directed towards a diet low in sodium and sugars and in certain cases the reduction of protein intake.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of HIV Awareness Campaigns in Adolescents in the Republic of Panama

Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The main objective of this review article is to: Evaluate the Effectiveness of HIV Awareness Campaigns in Adolescents in the Republic of Panama, which contains as a specific objective to define what HIV is in adolescents, determine the campaigns to raise awareness about HIV in adolescents in the Republic of Panama, detail the cases of adolescents with sexually transmitted HIV infection in Panama and finally determine the factors that explain the spread of HIV in adolescents. The qualitative-quantitative methodology, bibliographic compilation review. On the other hand, it is important to note that according to information acquired by Minsa itself that was disseminated on the occasion of World AIDS Day, in 2021, 1,804 new people were registered living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the majority with ages between 15 and 49 years, added the health portfolio. These “recent figures” demonstrate that Panama “remains” the country with the most new HIV infections in Central America, said Dr. Cedeño when consulted by EFE about 2020 data from the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS ( UNAIDS) cited by local media that gave the country that place. At the global level, information revealed at the International AIDS Conference held in Amsterdam determines that every three minutes a teenager contracts HIV. According to UNICEF, this means that around 30 teenagers between the ages of 15 and 19 contracted HIV every hour in 2017, according to a new UNICEF report. Two thirds of the total were girls. Adolescent girls between 10 and 19 years of age represent almost two-thirds of the 3 million young people between 0 and 19 years of age living with HIV. Early sexual relations, including with older men, forced sexual relations, powerlessness to negotiate the possibility of having sexual relations, poverty and lack of access to confidential counseling and screening services are factors that explain the spread. of HIV in the Adolescent population.